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Acne: Pharmacy First treatment summary

Mild to moderate acne in people aged 12 and over: from over-the-counter products to prescribed topical treatment, a summary of the Pharmacy First pathway with referral criteria and self-care advice.

Signs and symptoms
Examine the person on the affected area (e.g. face, chest or back). Look for features of acne
● Comedones (blackheads or whiteheads), with or without papules or pustules1
● On darker skin, redness may be less visible and dark marks (post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation) are common1
Mild to moderate acne has ALL of the following features
● Up to 34 inflammatory lesions (papules or pustules) and up to 2 nodules1,2
● No nodulo-cystic acne or acne conglobata1,2
If no comedones: acne is less likely
● Consider rosacea, perioral dermatitis, folliculitis or keratosis pilaris1
Referral
Urgent (GP or A&E depending on circumstances)
● Suspected acne fulminans (sudden, severe, ulcerated or crusted acne with fever, malaise or joint pain): same-day referral to general practice for urgent dermatology assessment; A&E if systemically unwell1,2
● Current suicidal thoughts or self-harm: urgent mental health support first (NHS 111 mental health option, or A&E or 999 if immediate risk; under 18, also follow local safeguarding procedures). Acne treatment can continue once immediate safety is addressed1,2
General practice
● 35 or more inflammatory lesions, or 3 or more nodules1,2
● Nodulo-cystic acne, or acne conglobata (urgent appointment)1,2
● Suspected rosacea or perioral dermatitis; acne less likely: general practice or other provider as appropriate1,2
● Unable to apply topical treatment effectively, or oral treatment required1,2
● Inadequate response at 12 weeks1,2
● Completed a prescribed course from this pathway or another service in the past 12 months1,2
● Topical treatment used for 6–8 weeks without adequate improvement, or worsening1,2
● Acne already under general practice or dermatology management: refer back to that service1,2
Treat in the pathway AND refer to general practice if any of the following apply
● A medicine, including anabolic steroids, is likely contributing. Discuss the likely link and signpost to support services for anabolic steroids1,2
● Persistent psychological distress, a mental health disorder, or past self-harm or suicidal thoughts1,2
● Features of hyperandrogenism, with or without PMOS (formerly PCOS)1,2
● Scarring or persistent pigmentary changes1,2
Treatment options
Pathway
● Advise the person to try OTC treatment first (if they haven't already), such as benzoyl peroxide, plus self-care1
● Offer a prescription if OTC treatment has been tried for 6–8 weeks without adequate improvement, or is unsuitable or not tolerated1
● Treat only if there has been no prescribed course from this pathway or another service in the past 12 months, and no prescribed topical treatment used for 6–8 weeks without adequate improvement, or worsening1,2
● Offer a 12-week course of topical treatment only, plus self-care1
● If the shelf life is under 12 weeks, a second prescription at a separate consultation completes the course1
● Topical retinoids: do not prescribe in pregnancy or when planning a pregnancy (discuss contraception). If breastfeeding, check NICE NG198 for information on specific products. Record pregnancy status, the contraception discussion and the advice given1,2
NICE CKS first-line options, applied once daily in the evening for 12 weeks
● Adapalene with benzoyl peroxide (adapalene 0.1% or 0.3% with benzoyl peroxide 2.5%)3
● Tretinoin 0.025% with clindamycin 1%3
● Benzoyl peroxide 3% or 5% with clindamycin 1%3
● Benzoyl peroxide alone if these are contraindicated, or the person wants to avoid a retinoid or an antibiotic3
● Creams or lotions may suit dry or sensitive skin; less greasy gels may suit oily skin3
● Do not use a topical antibiotic alone3
Cautions 
● Topical retinoids: avoid in severe acne, perioral dermatitis, rosacea, or a personal or family history of non-melanoma skin cancer; avoid eyes, nostrils, mouth and broken skin3
● Benzoyl peroxide: avoid eyes, mouth and broken skin; may bleach fabrics and hair3
● Topical clindamycin: caution with a history of inflammatory bowel disease or antibiotic-associated colitis; stop if diarrhoea occurs3
● All: increased sunburn risk, so use sunscreen or protective clothing3
Self-care and advice
Self-care
● Apply thinly to the whole area prone to spots, not just individual spots, avoiding the eyes and lips1,3
● Benzoyl peroxide and retinoids can irritate: start on alternate days or wash off after an hour, then increase as tolerated1,3
● Do not apply other skin products at the same time of day1
● Use non-alkaline cleanser twice daily; avoid over-cleaning, and avoid oil-based and comedogenic products1,3
● Avoid picking spots, which increases the risk of scarring1,3
● Provide patient information: British Association of Dermatologists acne leaflet1,4
Safety-netting advice for patient
● Improvement can take 6–8 weeks: complete the 12-week course1,3
● Cleared: continue skin care1
● Not cleared after 12 weeks, worsening, or relapse: see general practice1
● Severe or persistent irritation, or low mood: see general practice sooner1
● Thoughts of self-harm or suicide: NHS 111 (mental health option), or A&E or 999 if immediate risk1
Follow up
Review
● Not improved after 6–8 weeks of OTC treatment: return to the pharmacy for reassessment1
● At 12 weeks, review whether acne has improved and whether there are adverse effects3
If treatment has not worked or acne has relapsed
● Not cleared after 12 weeks, worsening or relapse: refer to GP. The pathway does not allow a repeat course within 12 months1,2
References
1 NHS England. Pharmacy First: mild to moderate acne prescribing pathway (people aged 12 years and over). Final draft v0.25.
2 NHS England. NHS Community Pharmacy Clinical Prescribing Guidance, final draft. Section B1, Mild to moderate acne in individuals aged 12 years and over (pages 26–27).
3 NICE Clinical Knowledge Summaries. Acne vulgaris. Last revised February 2026. Management: scenario, management of acne vulgaris in primary care; follow up; prescribing information.
4 British Association of Dermatologists. Acne patient information leaflet, as linked from the Pharmacy First pathway.
 

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