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Nutritional management of preterm infants

Objectives
The role of nutritional management
Causes and risk factors
Breastfeeding
Preterm Infants
Care for the preterm infant in the community
Learning scenario
More information
Post test

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For parents who would like more information on feeding preterm infants, you can recommend the following:

References

  1. Office for National Statistics. Birth characteristics in England and Wales: 2020. Available at: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/livebirths/bulletins/birthcharacteristicsinenglandandwales/2020

  2. Koletzko B. et al Nutritional care of preterm infants: Scientific basis and practical guidelines lndian J Med Res. 2016 Apr; 143(4): 531- 532

  3. Ziegler E. Meeting the Nutritional Needs of the Low-Birth-Weight Infant. Ann NutrMetab. 2011;58 Suppl 1:8- 18.

  4. World Health Organization. (2012). Born too soon: the global action report on preterm birth. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44864

  5. Stephens BE. et al. First-week protein and energy intakes are associated with 18-month developmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants Pediatrics. 2009 May; 12315): 1337-43

  6. NHS UK. Premature Labour and birth. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/labour-and-birth/signs-of-labour/premature-labour-and-birth/

  7. Mayo Clinic. Premature birth. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premature-birth/symptoms-causes/syc-20376730

  8. Tsang R et aI. 2005 Nutrition of the preterm infant: scientific basis and practical guldelines 2nd ed'n. Digital Educational Publishing, Cincinnati.

  9. Unicef. Benefits of breastfeeding. Available at: https://www.unicef.org.uk/babyfriendly/about/benefits-of-breastfeeding/

  10. NHS UK. Benefits of breastfeeding. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding/benefits/

  11. Lucas et al. Breast Milk and neonatal necrotizing enterocol itis. Lancet 1990; 336:1519e1523.

  12. Lucas et al. Breast milk and subsequent intelligence quotient in children born preterm. Lancet 1992; 339: 261e264

  13. Agostoni C et al. Enteral Nutrient Supply for Preterm Infants: Commentary From the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 2010 Jan; 50(1):85-91.

  14. Rigo J et al. Growth and Nutritional Biomarkers of Preterm Infants Fed a New Powdered Human Milk Fortifier. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition,2017 Oct;65(4):e83-e93.

  15. Lapillone A. Enteral and Parenteral Lipid requirements of Preterm Infants. World Review of nutrition and Dietetics. Basel, Karger. 2014; 110: 82-98.

  16. Birch E et al. Dietary Essential Fatty Acid Supply and Visual Acuity Development. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 1992; 33(11): 3242-3253.

  17. SMA Gold Prem® Breast Milk Fortifier datacard. Available at: https://www.smahcp.co.uk/formula-milk/breast-milk-fortifier

  18. Cow & Gate Nutriprem Breast Milk Fortifier datacard. Available at: https://www.nutricia.co.uk/hcp/pim-products/cow-gate-nutriprem-human-milk-fortifier.html

  19. American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2012;129(3):e827-841.

  20. Quigley MA, et al. Formula milk versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Oct 17;(4):CD002971. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002971.pub2. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;4:CD002971. PMID: 17943776.

  21. SMA Gold Prem® 1 datacard. Available at: https://www.smahcp.co.uk/formula-milk/gold-prem-1

  22. Aggett PJ et al. ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. Feeding preterm Infants after hospital discharge. A commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 2006;42:596-603.

  23. SMA Gold Prem® 2 datacard. Available at: www.smahcp.co.uk/formula-milk/gold-prem-2/

  24. Cow & Gate Nutriprem 2 datacard. Available at: https://www.nutricia.co.uk/hcp/pim-products/cow-gate-nutriprem-2-post-discharge-powder.html

All online references last accessed October 2022.

ZTT1046/08/22

IMPORTANT NOTICE: We believe that breastfeeding is the ideal nutritional start for babies, as breast milk provides a balanced diet and protection against illness for a baby. We fully support the World Health Organization’s recommendation of exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life followed by the introduction of adequate nutritious complementary foods along with continued breastfeeding up to two years of age. We also recognise that breastfeeding is not always an option for parents. We recommend that healthcare professionals inform parents about the advantages of breastfeeding. If parents choose not to breastfeed, healthcare professionals should inform parents that such a decision can be difficult to reverse and that the introduction of partial bottle-feeding will reduce the supply of breast milk. Parents should consider the social and financial implications of the use of infant formula. As babies grow at different rates, healthcare professionals should advise on the appropriate time for a baby to begin eating complementary foods. Infant formula and complementary foods should always be prepared, used and stored as instructed on the label in order to avoid risks to a baby’s health. The product should be used only on the advice of independent persons having qualifications in medicine, nutrition, pharmacy, or other professionals responsible for maternal and child care. The following products must be used under medical supervision. ●SMA® GOLD PREM BREAST MILK FORTIFIER is a nutritional supplement designed to be added to expressed breast milk for the dietary management of feeding preterm low birthweight babies. It is NOT a breast milk substitute. ●SMA Gold Prem® 1 is a special formula intended for the dietary management of preterm low birthweight babies who are not solely fed breast milk. It is suitable for use as the sole source of nutrition for preterm babies from birth. SMA Gold Prem® 1 is not intended for use with older preterm babies, for whom a special catch-up formula such as SMA Gold Prem® 2 is more appropriate.●SMA Gold Prem® 2 is a special catch-up formula intended for the dietary management of preterm low birthweight babies who are not solely fed breast milk. It is a nutritionally complete formula for use on discharge from hospital or when a low birthweight formula is no longer appropriate. It is suitable for use as the sole source of nutrition up to 6 months corrected age. SMA Gold Prem® 2 is not intended for use with newborn preterm babies, for whom fortified breast milk or a low birthweight formula such as SMA Gold Prem® 1 is more appropriate.

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