Complications

Poor diabetes control can cause a range of complications affecting multiple organs and body systems, including damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in people with type 2 diabetes. 

There is data indicating that diabetes causes 680 heart attacks and 980 strokes every week in the UK, among other serious complications.

Without effective management, diabetes and associated complications contribute significantly to healthcare burden (usage and expenditure). Around 60% of the total cost of diabetes in the NHS is spent on managing its complications. Between 2015/16 and 2023/24, there was an increase of 21 million prescription items for people with diabetes.

Major studies have shown the benefits of good glycaemic control in delaying the onset of diabetes complications. There is also strong evidence that some glucose lowering medicines protect the heart and kidneys. Access to safe and effective treatment is therefore critical to reduce the risk of preventable complications and improve people’s quality of life.

As part of its commitment to improve access to individualised care and reduce health inequalities, NICE has made major changes to the management of type 2 diabetes in their 2026 guideline.