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Research Roundup 2

Four more studies making headlines this month: daily multivitamins linked to better functional health in older adults, new evidence on how far vascular risk factors can shorten dementia-free years, a fresh link between endometriosis and type 2 diabetes, and the psychological toll of inflammatory bowel disease.

Daily multivitamin helps older people stay functionally healthy
Older adults who took a daily multivitamin and mineral supplement showed significantly better functional health than those receiving placebo, according to research presented during the Nutrition 2026 meeting in National Harbor, Maryland.
“What makes this work unique is our focus on functional health, how people actually feel and function in their daily lives – rather than just the prevention of major diseases,” says Bayu Bekele, a postdoctoral fellow at the Medical College of Georgia.
“For older adults, these findings suggest that a daily multivitamin could be a helpful, low-risk addition to a healthy lifestyle to support physical wellbeing as they age, although it is not a substitute for a good diet or exercise.”
Researchers followed 16,027 men and women aged at least 60 and 65 years respectively for three years. Participants did not have major cardiovascular disease at baseline. Compared with placebo, daily multivitamin and mineral supplements “produced small but statistically significant improvements” in symptom burden, including fatigue, swelling and shortness of breath.
Supplements did not improve participants’ ability to perform physical activities such as dressing, bathing, walking, climbing stairs and household chores.
However, supplements improved the clinical summary score: the average of symptom burden and physical ability scores. Supplements were also associated with “clinically meaningful benefits” in participants with carotid stenosis (narrowing of blood vessels in the neck, usually caused by atherosclerosis).
Presented at Nutrition 2026, National Harbor, Maryland
How to delay dementia by 13 years
Non-smokers with normal blood pressure and who do not have diabetes live almost 13 years longer without dementia than those with all three risk factors, US researchers report.
“Our findings support prevention of risk factors developing in mid-life as a strategy for delaying the onset of dementia and maintaining brain health,” says study author Josef Coresh, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York.
Researchers followed 12,409 people with a mean age of 56.2 years at baseline, for a median of 26.3 years. Researchers assessed three vascular risk factors: diabetes, smoking and hypertension.
Compared with controls who had none of the risk factors, having all three trebled the risk of developing dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 2.69) and increased the risk of death without dementia almost six-fold (HR 5.61).
Controls lived, on average, 12.6 years longer without developing dementia than people with all three risk factors: averages of 30.1 years and 17.5 years without developing dementia respectively. Participants with one and two risk factors lived without developing dementia for, on average, 26.3 and 21.0 years.
White people and females lived longer without developing dementia. Females with all three risk factors lived, on average, 18.1 and 16.6 years respectively without developing dementia. White people with all three risk factors lived, on average, 19.6 years without developing dementia. This compared with 16.0 years for black participants.
Neurology Open Access 2026;2:e000152
Endometriosis increases diabetes risk
Endometriosis increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), an analysis of US health records found.
Researchers followed over 2.9 million women for a mean of 10.8 years. During this time, 3.4% were newly diagnosed with endometriosis.
The condition increased T2D risk by 46% compared with no endometriosis, allowing for confounders.
The association was strongest among premenopausal females and women without obesity, groups that are not usually considered to be at the highest T2D risk.
Among premenopausal women, endometriosis was associated with a 55% higher likelihood of developing T2D. In postmenopausal women, endometriosis was associated with a 7% higher likelihood of developing T2D.
Women with a body mass index of under 30kg/m2 were more than twice as likely (hazard ratio [HR] 2.39) to develop T2D. Those in higher BMI categories were at a 74% greater likelihood of T2D. The risk of developing T2D was similar in women with and without a history of gestational diabetes (HR 2.05 and 1.99 respectively).
The authors believe that the chronic inflammation characteristic of endometriosis may influence metabolic health, although further research needs to investigate the connection.
Diabetologia doi: 10.1007/s00125-026-06828-w
IBD’s psychological burden
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are at an increased risk of major depression, anxiety and substance misuse before and up to 10 years after diagnosis, a Swedish analysis has found.
The analysis included 43,862 IBD patients and 178,821 controls. The mean age at IBD diagnosis was 41.6 years and 47.3% were female.
During a median follow-up of 7.4 years, 16.5% of IBD patients and 12.8% of controls were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder including: major depression (4.6% and 3.2% respectively); anxiety disorders (7.3% and 5.3% respectively); and substance misuse (3.3% and 2.7% respectively).
The likelihood of developing a psychiatric disorder began to rise 2-3 years before IBD diagnosis. For example, the risk was 15% higher two years before IBD diagnosis. The risk was highest immediately after IBD diagnosis, peaking at 50% after six months. The risk then declined, but was 19% higher a decade later. All IBD subtypes showed similar patterns.
IBD patients were also significantly more likely to have autism spectrum disorders six months to two years (44% and 24% respectively) after diagnosis, and eating disorders at five and 10 years (24% and 35% respectively). IBD did not increase the risk of psychotic disorders, personality disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
The authors conclude that the “findings highlight the need to raise mental health awareness and to integrate psychological care into IBD management, with extended attention to multiple disorders starting from the IBD diagnostic workup”.
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2026.05.034

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